Our Publications

Ocean Governance Resources

Fisheries Crime in the Caribbean

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This report, produced in partnership with CARICOM IMPACS, analyzes under-examined modalities of fisheries crime in the Caribbean, including actionable intelligence on specific threats such as the black market for glass eels.

Caribbean Economic Impact

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This report analyzes the "shadow blue economy" driven by the convergence of illegal fishing and flags of convenience, revealing how this criminal ecosystem generates billions in illicit profits while devastating Caribbean economies, food security, and national sovereignty.

The Exploitation of Flag Registries

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This report examines how the "flag of convenience" system enables illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing and fisheries crime in the Caribbean by providing regulatory loopholes that criminal networks exploit for profit and anonymity .

Caribbean Flag Registry Susceptibility

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This report evaluates the vulnerability of 17 Caribbean flag registries to illegal fishing and criminal exploitation, classifying jurisdictions into high, medium, and low susceptibility tiers based on factors such as their status as "open registries" and adherence to international treaties.

Environmental & Sustainability Impacts of IUU Fishing

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This report details the lack of clear data despite a general consensus around the severe ecological consequences of illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing and fisheries crime in the Caribbean, and points to specific species and issues to watch as being key regional vulnerabilities for criminal exploitation.

Caribbean Fisheries Legislation

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This report provides a comprehensive legal review of CARICOM member countries jurisdictions, identifying systemic legislative gaps—such as narrow definitions of terms, unclear procedures, a failure to criminalize behaviors and limited specification of interdiction powers—that hinder the region's ability to address fisheries offenses and related transnational crimes .

Ocean Governance Publications

Ian Ralby and Philippe Cousteau, “Recognizing Coral Reefs as Critical Infrastructure Could Save Them,” The Diplomatic Courier, 16 Dec. 2025.
David Soud, “Illicit Flows of Gold Concentrates in the Maritime Space,” The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 4 Dec. 2025.
Oleh Dunda and Ian Ralby, “Shadow Ports: How Cutting Off Russia’s Access to Maritime Trade Could Help Sanctions Have Real Impact,” Lloyds List, 27 Nov. 2025.
Virun Lutchman, Ian Ralby, Ifensinachi Okafor-Yarwood, “Maritime Issues are Pinned to What We Sea, Not What’s At Sea,” The Diplomatic Courier, 25 Nov. 2025.
Ian Ralby, David Soud, Sophie Podrog, “Invisible Criminal Commodities in the Caribbean,” CIMSEC, 19 Nov. 2025.
Ian Ralby, “Why Every State Needs an Ambassador at Large for Maritime Affairs,” The Diplomatic Courier, 21 Oct. 2025.
Ian Ralby, “Fraudulent Flags in Illegal Fishing: State Risks and Obligations,” The Maritime Executive, 28 Sept. 2025.
Ian Ralby, “The Houthis Remain Undeterred: Lessons for World Maritime Day,” The Diplomatic Courier, 25 Sept. 2025.
Ian Ralby, “Tainted Catch: The role of the Distant Water Fishing Fleet in China’s Campaign to Defeat the West,” Irregular Warfare Initiative, 25 Sept. 2025.
Ian Ralby, “Fighting Diversification with Diversification – Countering Criminals Through Creative Preemption,” Caribbean Journal of Strategic and Security Studies, vol. 4.1, 2024.
Ian Ralby, “We Cannot Fail to Take China At Its Word on a BRICS Currency,” The Diplomatic Courier, 28 Oct. 2024.
Ian Ralby, “‘Legal Finish’ in Maritime Security is Too Often Lacking a Legal Start,” CIMSEC, 8 Oct. 2024.
Ian Ralby, “Maritime Terrorism Is On The Rise Whether We Notice It Or Not,” The Diplomatic Courier, 23 May 2024.
Ian Ralby and Jamie Jones, “Focus on Fundamentals: The Siren Song of Technology in Maritime Security,” CIMSEC, 11 March 2024.
Ian Ralby, “China Enslaves People at Sea and We don’t have the Wherewithal to Stop It,” The MOC, 22 Nov.. 2023.
Ian Ralby, “Examining the Maritime Security Potential of the African Standby Force,” Open Publications – Issuu, 8 Nov. 2023.
Ian Ralby, “Report on the Webinar on Maritime Security in the Gulf of Guinea,” NATO STRATEGIC DIRECTION-SOUTH HUB (NSD-S HUB), 3 Nov. 2023.
Ian Ralby, “China is Fighting the Third Opium War with Fish,” Center for International Maritime Security, 23 Oct. 2023.
Ian Ralby, “‘NATO Expansion’ Should Mean Sharing Its Experience With the World,” The Diplomatic Courier, 11 July 2023.
Ian Ralby, Rohini Ralby & David Soud, “Progress on FSO SAFER is Welcome, But Follow Through Needed,” The Diplomatic Courier, 21 June 2023.
Ian Ralby, “The Black Sea Grain Initiative has become a Game of Chicken, and We can’t let Russia Win,” The MOC – Center for Maritime Strategy, 16 May 2023.
Ian Ralby, “Confronting All Ten Modalities of Maritime Terrorism,” Real Clear Defense, 6 May 2023.
Ian Ralby & Jamie Jones, “The Imperative to See Food as Integral to Maritime Strategy,” The Diplomatic Courier, 13 Apr. 2023.
Ian Ralby, “China’s Maritime Strategy: To Own the Oceans By Adverse Possession,” The Hill, 28 March 2023.
Ian Ralby, “Reflecting on One Year of War: The Food Crisis That Started in Ukrainian Ports is Now a Global Policy Challenge,” The MOC – Center for Maritime Strategy, 13 Feb. 2023.
Ian Ralby, “What to Watch 2023: Unlawfare,” The MOC – Center for Maritime Strategy, 19 Jan. 2023.
Ian Ralby & Sir Alan Duncan, “If You Think the Ever Given was Bad, Wait Until you See the SAFER,” The Maritime Executive, 12 Jan. 2023.
David Soud, “Free Trade Zones and Illicit Gold Flows in Latin America and the Caribbean,” The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 2022.
Ian Ralby & Adm. Jamie Foggo, “The First of the Dominoes has Fallen in the Global Food Crisis,” MOC – US Navy League, 14 July 2022.
Ian Ralby & Leonid Zaliubovsky, “New Heights of Russian Hypocrisy and “Unlawfare” in the Black Sea,” CIMSEC, 25 March 2022.
David Soud, Ian Ralby, Rohini Ralby, “Unanchored in Ankara: How Turkey’s Ukraine Dilemma may Lead to a Widening Fissure in the Global Economy,” I.R. Consilium Analysis, 7 March 2022.
Rohini Ralby, David Soud & Ian Ralby, “The Deeper War: Mind is the Defining Battlespace of our Time,” I.R. Consilium Analysis, 1 March 2022.
Ian Ralby & Duncan Copeland, “Spotlight on The Use of African Flag Registries by High-Risk Fishing Operators,” TMT, 28 Apr. 2022.
Ian Ralby, David Soud & Rohini Ralby, “Why the US Needs to Act Fast to Prevent Russia from Weaponizing Food Supply Chains,” POLITICO, 27 Feb. 2022.
Ian Ralby & Justin Sherman “Tonga’s Devastating Volcanic Eruption has Left the Island without Internet,” Slate, 21 Jan. 2022.
Ian Ralby & Andy Bochman, “Cybersecurity Concerns for the Energy Sector in the Maritime Domain,” Atlantic Council, 6 Dec. 2021.
Ian Ralby, “Finding Solutions to New Problems in Old Agreements: Opportunities for Adopting and Implementing the Treaty of San José,” Caribbean Journal of Strategic and Security Studies, 9 Sept. 2021.
Ian Ralby, “Beyond IUU Fishing and Fisheries Crime: State-Protected Illicit Fishing,” Diplomatic Courier, 25 March 2021.
Ian Ralby & Ami Daniel, “As Defense Cuts Loom, Reimagining Maritime Security Could Help Reform Defense Spending,” Marine Link, 17 March 2021.
Ian Ralby, “Looking Past Gulf of Guinea Piracy: Chinese Twins, “Ghanaian” Fishing, and Domain Awareness,” Center for International Maritime Security, 17 March 2021.
Ian Ralby, David Soud, Rohini Ralby, “The United Nations Security Council Needs to Authorize Military Action to Prevent the Spill of the FSO SAFER,” Atlantic Council, 14 March 2021.
Ian Ralby, “Distinguishing Rice from Wrong: Important Lessons from the Hamburg Port Drug Bust of 2020,” Center for International Maritime Security, 16 Feb. 2021.
Ian Ralby, “Crossover Criminal Vessels: A Growing Illicit Maritime Trend,” Diplomatic Courier, 14 Jan. 2021.
Ian Ralby “The Indian Ocean Region Trendline Away from Cooperation,” IOR Bulletin, Jan. 2021.
David Soud, Ian Ralby, Russ Armstrong, “Lessons in Regulation for the Art Industry,” ACAMS, 22 Dec. 2020 (Republished in Art Money Provenance).
Ian Ralby, “Security Implications of Organized Crime in the Fisheries Sector,” Blue Justice Initiative, 15 Dec. 2020.
Ian Ralby, David Soud, Rohini Ralby, “A Looming Calamity: Will Secretary Pompeo Seal the Fate of the Red Sea?,” Center for International Maritime Security, 8 Dec. 2020.
Ian Ralby, et. al., “Stable Seas: Caribbean,” One Earth Future Foundation, 4 Dec. 2020.
David Soud, Ian Ralby, Rohini Ralby, Alia Eshaq & Luai Eshaq, “A Stalemate in Yemen Jeopardizes the Future of the Red Sea,” The Diplomatic Courier, 29 Oct. 2020.
Ian Ralby & Tabitha Mallory, “Evolution of the Fleet: A Closer Look at the Chinese Fishing Vessels off the Galapagos,” Center for International Maritime Security, 19 Oct. 2020.
Ian Ralby, “Navigating Maritime Governance Challenges and the Future of the Global Economy,” The Diplomatic Courier, 5 Sept. 2020.
Ian Ralby, “Making Maritime Strategy Work: A New Taxonomy,” NATO Maritime Interdiction Operations Training Centre Journal, 24 Aug. 2020.
Ian Ralby, Michael Jones, Errington Shurland, “Maritime Crime During the Pandemic: Unmasking Trends in the Caribbean,” Center for International Maritime Security, 30 July 2020.
Ian Ralby, Tellis Bethel, “Crisis Response When the Status Quo is a Crisis,” War on the Rocks, 3 June 2020.
Ian Ralby, Tellis Bethel, “Storm Surges and Crime Waves: Law Enforcement During Natural Disasters,” War on the Rocks, 21 May 2020.
David Soud, Ian Ralby, Rohini Ralby, “As Profits Vanish Upstream, Criminals Will Look Downstream,” Real Clear Energy, 18 May 2020.
Ian Ralby, “Nigerian Navy Thwarts Hijacking of Chinese Fishing Vessel,” The Maritime Executive, 18 May 2020.
David Soud, Ian Ralby, Rohini Ralby, “Safeguarding the Red Sea Amid Coronavirus: Preventing the Spill of the FSO SAFER,” The Atlantic Council, 6 May 2020.
Ian Ralby, “Africa-to-Africa Maritime Engagement,” U.S. Naval Institute, Proceeding vol. 146/2/1,406, April 2020.
Ian Ralby, Elizabeth Nyman, Elizabeth Mendenhall, Elizabeth De Santo, Rachel Tiller, “Wealth Blindness Beyond National Jurisdiction,” Marine Pollution Bulletin vol. 151, Feb. 2020.
Ian Ralby, “Learning from Success: Advancing Maritime Security Cooperation in Atlantic Africa,” Center for International Maritime Security, 17 Sept. 2019.
Rohini Ralby, David Soud, & Ian Ralby, “Yemen FSO Poses Oil Spill Risk,” The Maritime Executive, 27 Aug. 2019.
Rohini Ralby, David Soud, & Ian Ralby, “Onboard the FSO Safer: A Preview,” The Atlantic Council, 26 Aug. 2019.
Ian Ralby, “Hookahs and Honey: Funding Terrorism Through ‘Benign’ Activities,” Strife Blog, 4 Aug. 2019.
David Soud, Rohini Ralby, & Ian Ralby, “Gaming out the Disaster: What Could Go Wrong with the FSO Safer,” The Atlantic Council, 28 Jul. 2019.
David Soud, Ian Ralby, & Rohini Ralby, “Hidden in Plain Sight: Fishing Boats as Links in Illicit Supply Chains,” Windward, 15 Jul. 2019.
Ian Ralby, David Soud, & Rohini Ralby, “Why the Massive Floating Bomb in the Red Sea Needs Urgent Attention,” The Atlantic Council, 11 Apr. 2019.
Ian Ralby, David Soud. & Rohini Ralby, “Addressing the Invisible Supply Chain,” The Atlantic Council, 8 Apr. 2019.
Ian Ralby, David Soud, & Rohini Ralby, “Mapping the Invisible Supply Chain,” The Atlantic Council, 28 Mar. 2019.
Ian Ralby, David Soud, & Rohini Ralby, “Defining the Invisible Supply Chain,” The Atlantic Council, 20 Mar. 2019.
Ian Ralby, “Trends in African Maritime Security,” Africa Center for Strategic Studies, 15 Mar. 2019.
Ian Ralby, David Soud, & Rohini Ralby, “The Gulf of Guinea is Ready for Maritime Technology,” Center for International Maritime Security, 26 Feb. 2019.
David Soud, Ian Ralby, & Rohini Ralby, “Contaminated Fuel is Poisoning Global Shipping,” The Atlantic Council, 23 Sept. 2018.
Ian Ralby, “The Case for a Whole-of-Africa Maritime Dialogue,” IGAD Maritime Affairs Newsletter, Vol. 3, Jul. 2018.
David Soud, Ian Ralby & Rohini Ralby, “Oil on the Water: Illicit Hydrocarbons Activity in the Maritime Domain,“ The Atlantic Council, 10 Apr. 2018.
David Soud & Johan Bergenas, “As Mexico Tries to Curb Illegal Fishing, Drug Cartels and Fishermen Push Back,” World Politics Review, 22 Jan. 2018.
Ian Ralby, “What Went Wrong When Regulating Private Maritime Security Companies,” in Operational Law in International Straits and Current Maritime Security Challenges, Chapter 8, Springer-Verlag: 2018.
Ian Ralby, “Approaches to Piracy, Armed Robbery at Sea, and Other Maritime Crime in West and Central Africa,” in Militarised Responses to Transnational Organised Crime: The War on Crime, Chapter 8, Palgrave Macmillam: 2017.
Ian Ralby, “Examining Hybrid Maritime Threats,” Cutting the Bow Wave – NATO CJOS, 2017.
Ian Ralby, “Cooperative Security to Counter Cooperative Criminals,” DefenceIQ, 21 Mar. 2017.
Ian Ralby, “From Sea Blindness to Wealth Blindness,” Stimson Center’s National Security Forum, 3 Feb. 2017.
Ian Ralby, “A Human Security Approach to Maritime Security in the Gulf of Guinea,” The Comparative Jurist, 31 Aug. 2016.
Ian Ralby, “Comprehensively Limited: NATO’s Disconnected Approach to Security,” War on the Rocks, 30 Oct. 2014.
Ian Ralby, “Maritime Security and the ICoC,” Journal of International Peace Operations, Vol. 7 No. 3, Nov.-Dec. 2011.

Resource Responsibility Publications

David Soud, Illicit Flows of Gold Concentrates in the Maritime Space, The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 2025.
Rohini Ralby and Ian Ralby, “Farmers Are America’s First Patriots, but Not America’s First Priority,” Wyoming Star, 4 December 2025.
Oleh Dunda and Ian Ralby, “Shadow Ports: How Cutting Off Russia’s Access to Maritime Trade Could Help Sanctions Have Real Impact,” Lloyds List, 27 November 2025.
Ian Ralby, David Soud, Sophie Podrog, “Invisible Criminal Commodities in the Caribbean,” CIMSEC, 19 November 2025.
Ian Ralby, “Tainted Catch: The role of the Distant Water Fishing Fleet in China’s Campaign to Defeat the West,” Irregular Warfare Initiative, 25 September 2025.
Ian Ralby, “Fighting Diversification with Diversification – Countering Criminals Through Creative Preemption,” Caribbean Journal of Strategic and Security Studies, vol. 4.1, 2024.
Ian Ralby, “We Cannot Fail to Take China At Its Word on a BRICS Currency,” The Diplomatic Courier, 28 October 2024.
Ian Ralby, “China is Fighting the Third Opium War with Fish,” Center for International Maritime Security, 23 Oct. 2023.
Ian Ralby, Rohini Ralby & David Soud, “Progress on FSO SAFER is Welcome, But Follow Through Needed,” The Diplomatic Courier, 21 June 2023.
Ian Ralby, “The Black Sea Grain Initiative has become a Game of Chicken, and We can’t let Russia Win,” The MOC – Center for Maritime Strategy, 16 May 2023.
Ian Ralby, “Confronting All Ten Modalities of Maritime Terrorism,” Real Clear Defense, 6 May 2023.
Ian Ralby & Jamie Jones, “The Imperative to See Food as Integral to Maritime Strategy,” The Diplomatic Courier, 13 April 2023.
Ian Ralby, “China’s Maritime Strategy: To Own the Oceans By Adverse Possession,” The Hill, 28 March 2023.
Rohini Ralby & Ian Ralby, “Banking on Banking on Quicksand,” I.R. Consilium Analysis, 26 March 2023.
Ian Ralby & Sarah Kirchberger, “Making Sense of ‘Sudden Russian Death Syndrome,'” The Diplomatic Courier, 20 March 2023.
David Soud, “Do Your Homework: Even in the Absence of Malice, A Lack of Rigor Can Do Real-World Harm,” I.R. Consilium Analysis, 19 March 2023.
Ian Ralby, “Reflecting on One Year of War: The Food Crisis That Started in Ukrainian Ports is Now a Global Policy Challenge,” The MOC – Center for Maritime Strategy, 13 Feb 2023.
Ian Ralby, Rohini Ralby & David Soud, “Fault Lines in Turkey: A Lack of Urgency in Facing An Urgent Crisis,” I.R. Consilium Analysis, 9 Feb 2023.
Ian Ralby & Sarah Kirchberger, “Diplomatic Mortality in China,” The Diplomatic Courier, 6 Feb 2023.
Ian Ralby, “What to Watch 2023: Unlawfare,” The MOC – Center for Maritime Strategy, 19 Jan 2023.
Ian Ralby & Sir Alan Duncan, “If You Think the Ever Given was Bad, Wait Until you See the SAFER,” The Maritime Executive, 12 Jan 2023.
David Soud, “Free Trade Zones and Illicit Gold Flows in Latin America and the Caribbean,” The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 2022.
Ian Ralby & Adm. Jamie Foggo, “The First of the Dominoes has Fallen in the Global Food Crisis,” MOC – US Navy League, 14 July 2022.
Ian Ralby & Duncan Copeland, “Spotlight on The Use of African Flag Registries by High-Risk Fishing Operators,” TMT, 28 Apr. 2022.
Ian Ralby & Leonid Zaliubovsky, “New Heights of Russian Hypocrisy and “Unlawfare” in the Black Sea,” CIMSEC, 25 March 2022.
David Soud, Ian Ralby, Rohini Ralby, “Unanchored in Ankara: How Turkey’s Ukraine Dilemma may Lead to a Widening Fissure in the Global Economy,” I.R. Consilium Analysis, 7 March 2022.
Rohini Ralby, David Soud & Ian Ralby, “The Deeper War: Mind is the Defining Battlespace of our Time,” I.R. Consilium Analysis, 1 March 2022.
Ian Ralby, David Soud & Rohini Ralby, “Why the US Needs to Act Fast to Prevent Russia from Weaponizing Food Supply Chains,” POLITICO, 27 Feb 2022.
Ian Ralby, David Soud & Rohini Ralby, “Ukraine is Not Enough: Just the Beginning of Russia’s Assault on the World,” I.R. Consilium Analysis, 25 Feb 2022.
Ian Ralby & Justin Sherman “Tonga’s Devastating Volcanic Eruption has Left the Island without Internet,” Slate, 21 Jan 2022.
David Soud, “Gold Flows from Venezuela: Supporting Due Diligence on the Production and Trade of Gold in Venezuela,” The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 2021.
Ian Ralby & Andy Bochman, “Cybersecurity Concerns for the Energy Sector in the Maritime Domain,” Atlantic Council, 6 December 2021.
Ian Ralby, “Beyond IUU Fishing and Fisheries Crime: State-Protected Illicit Fishing,” Diplomatic Courier, 25 March 2021.
Ian Ralby, “Looking Past Gulf of Guinea Piracy: Chinese Twins, “Ghanaian” Fishing, and Domain Awareness,” Center for International Maritime Security, 17 March 2021.
Ian Ralby, David Soud, Rohini Ralby, “The United Nations Security Council Needs to Authorize Military Action to Prevent the Spill of the FSO SAFER,” Atlantic Council, 14 March 2021.
Ian Ralby, “Security Implications of Organized Crime in the Fisheries Sector,” Blue Justice Initiative, 15 December 2020.
Ian Ralby, David Soud, Rohini Ralby, “A Looming Calamity: Will Secretary Pompeo Seal the Fate of the Red Sea?,” Center for International Maritime Security, 8 December 2020.
David Soud, Ian Ralby, Rohini Ralby, Alia Eshaq & Luai Eshaq, “A Stalemate in Yemen Jeopardizes the Future of the Red Sea,” The Diplomatic Courier, 29 October 2020.
Ian Ralby & Tabitha Mallory, “Evolution of the Fleet: A Closer Look at the Chinese Fishing Vessels off the Galapagos,” Center for International Maritime Security, 19 October 2020.
David Soud, Ian Ralby, Rohini Ralby, “As Profits Vanish Upstream, Criminals Will Look Downstream,” Real Clear Energy, 18 May 2020.
David Soud, Ian Ralby, Rohini Ralby, “Safeguarding the Red Sea Amid Coronavirus: Preventing the Spill of the FSO SAFER,” The Atlantic Council, 6 May 2020.
Ian Ralby, Elizabeth Nyman, Elizabeth Mendenhall, Elizabeth De Santo, Rachel Tiller, “Wealth Blindness Beyond National Jurisdiction,” Marine Pollution Bulletin vol. 151, Feb. 2020.
David Soud, Ian Ralby & Rohini Ralby “Downstream Oil Theft: Countermeasures and Good Practices,” The Atlantic Council, 10 Jan. 2020.
Rohini Ralby, David Soud, & Ian Ralby, “Yemen FSO Poses Oil Spill Risk,” The Maritime Executive, 27 Aug. 2019.
Rohini Ralby, David Soud, & Ian Ralby, “Onboard the FSO Safer: A Preview,” The Atlantic Council, 26 Aug. 2019.
Ian Ralby, “Hookahs and Honey: Funding Terrorism Through ‘Benign’ Activities,” Strife Blog, 4 Aug. 2019.
David Soud, Rohini Ralby, & Ian Ralby, “Gaming out the Disaster: What Could Go Wrong with the FSO Safer,” The Atlantic Council, 28 Jul. 2019.
David Soud, Ian Ralby, & Rohini Ralby, “Hidden in Plain Sight: Fishing Boats as Links in Illicit Supply Chains,” Windward, 15 Jul. 2019.
David Soud, “The Gold Rush in Venezuela Could Destabilize Latin America and the Caribbean,” The Payne Institute for Public Policy, May 2019.
Ian Ralby, David Soud, & Rohini Ralby, “Why the Massive Floating Bomb in the Red Sea Needs Urgent Attention,” The Atlantic Council, 11 Apr. 2019.
Ian Ralby, David Soud. & Rohini Ralby, “Addressing the Invisible Supply Chain,” The Atlantic Council, 8 Apr. 2019.
Ian Ralby, David Soud, & Rohini Ralby, “Mapping the Invisible Supply Chain,” The Atlantic Council, 28 Mar. 2019.
Ian Ralby, David Soud, & Rohini Ralby, “Defining the Invisible Supply Chain,” The Atlantic Council, 20 Mar. 2019.
David Soud, Ian Ralby, & Rohini Ralby, “Contaminated Fuel is Poisoning Global Shipping,” The Atlantic Council, 23 Sept. 2018.
David Soud, Ian Ralby & Rohini Ralby, “Oil on the Water: Illicit Hydrocarbons Activity in the Maritime Domain,“ The Atlantic Council, 10 Apr. 2018.
David Soud & Johan Bergenas, “As Mexico Tries to Curb Illegal Fishing, Drug Cartels and Fishermen Push Back,” World Politics Review, 22 Jan. 2018.
Ian Ralby, Rohini Ralby & David Soud, “Downstream Oil Theft: Implications and Next Steps,” The Atlantic Council, 10 Mar. 2017.
David Soud, “Fuel Theft Funds Terror,” Handelsblatt Global, 1 Mar. 2017.
Ian Ralby, “From Sea Blindness to Wealth Blindness,” Stimson Center’s National Security Forum, 3 Feb. 2017.
Ian Ralby, Rohini Ralby &David Soud, “Downstream Oil Theft: Global Modalities, Trends and Remedies, The Atlantic Council, 13 Jan. 2017.

Global Analysis

Rohini Ralby & Ian Ralby, “Banking on Banking on Quicksand,” I.R. Consilium Analysis, 26 March 2023.
Ian Ralby & Sarah Kirchberger, “Making Sense of ‘Sudden Russian Death Syndrome,'” The Diplomatic Courier, 20 March 2023.
David Soud, “Do Your Homework: Even in the Absence of Malice, A Lack of Rigor Can Do Real-World Harm,” I.R. Consilium Analysis, 19 March 2023.
Ian Ralby, “Reflecting on One Year of War: The Food Crisis That Started in Ukrainian Ports is Now a Global Policy Challenge,” The MOC – Center for Maritime Strategy, 13 Feb. 2023.
Ian Ralby, Rohini Ralby & David Soud, “Fault Lines in Turkey: A Lack of Urgency in Facing An Urgent Crisis,” I.R. Consilium Analysis, 9 Feb. 2023.
Ian Ralby & Sarah Kirchberger, “Diplomatic Mortality in China,” The Diplomatic Courier, 6 Feb. 2023.
Ian Ralby, “What to Watch 2023: Unlawfare,” The MOC – Center for Maritime Strategy, 19 Jan. 2023.
Ian Ralby & Adm. Jamie Foggo, “The First of the Dominoes has Fallen in the Global Food Crisis,” MOC – US Navy League, 14 July 2022.
David Soud, Ian Ralby, Rohini Ralby, “Unanchored in Ankara: How Turkey’s Ukraine Dilemma may Lead to a Widening Fissure in the Global Economy,” I.R. Consilium Analysis, 7 March 2022.
Rohini Ralby, David Soud & Ian Ralby, “The Deeper War: Mind is the Defining Battlespace of our Time,” I.R. Consilium Analysis, 1 March 2022.
Ian Ralby, David Soud & Rohini Ralby, “Why the US Needs to Act Fast to Prevent Russia from Weaponizing Food Supply Chains,” POLITICO, 27 Feb. 2022.
Ian Ralby, David Soud & Rohini Ralby, “Ukraine is Not Enough: Just the Beginning of Russia’s Assault on the World,” I.R. Consilium Analysis, 25 Feb. 2022.
David Soud, Ian Ralby, Russ Armstrong, “Lessons in Regulation for the Art Industry,” ACAMS, 22 Dec. 2020 (Republished in Art Money Provenance).
Ian Ralby, “Hookahs and Honey: Funding Terrorism Through ‘Benign’ Activities,” Strife Blog, 4 Aug. 2019.
David Soud, Rohini Ralby, & Ian Ralby, “Gaming out the Disaster: What Could Go Wrong with the FSO Safer,” The Atlantic Council, 28 Jul. 2019.
David Soud, Ian Ralby, & Rohini Ralby, “Hidden in Plain Sight: Fishing Boats as Links in Illicit Supply Chains,” Windward, 15 Jul. 2019.
David Soud, “The Gold Rush in Venezuela Could Destabilize Latin America and the Caribbean,” The Payne Institute for Public Policy, May 2019.
Ian Ralby, David Soud, & Rohini Ralby, “Why the Massive Floating Bomb in the Red Sea Needs Urgent Attention,” The Atlantic Council, 11 Apr. 2019.
Ian Ralby, David Soud. & Rohini Ralby, “Addressing the Invisible Supply Chain,” The Atlantic Council, 8 Apr. 2019.
Ian Ralby, David Soud, & Rohini Ralby, “Mapping the Invisible Supply Chain,” The Atlantic Council, 28 Mar. 2019.
Ian Ralby, David Soud, & Rohini Ralby, “Defining the Invisible Supply Chain,” The Atlantic Council, 20 Mar. 2019.
Ian Ralby, “Trends in African Maritime Security,” Africa Center for Strategic Studies, 15 Mar. 2019.
Ian Ralby, David Soud, & Rohini Ralby, “The Gulf of Guinea is Ready for Maritime Technology,” Center for International Maritime Security, 26 Feb. 2019.
David Soud, Ian Ralby, & Rohini Ralby, “Contaminated Fuel is Poisoning Global Shipping,” The Atlantic Council, 23 Sept. 2018.
Ian Ralby, “The Case for a Whole-of-Africa Maritime Dialogue,” IGAD Maritime Affairs Newsletter, Vol. 3, Jul. 2018.
David Soud, Ian Ralby & Rohini Ralby, “Oil on the Water: Illicit Hydrocarbons Activity in the Maritime Domain,“ The Atlantic Council, 10 Apr. 2018.
David Soud & Johan Bergenas, “As Mexico Tries to Curb Illegal Fishing, Drug Cartels and Fishermen Push Back,” World Politics Review, 22 Jan. 2018.
Ian Ralby, “Examining Hybrid Maritime Threats,” Cutting the Bow Wave – NATO CJOS, 2017.
Ian Ralby, “Cooperative Security to Counter Cooperative Criminals,” DefenceIQ, 21 Mar. 2017.
Ian Ralby, “From Sea Blindness to Wealth Blindness,” Stimson Center’s National Security Forum, 3 Feb. 2017.
Ian Ralby, “A Human Security Approach to Maritime Security in the Gulf of Guinea,” The Comparative Jurist, 31 Aug. 2016.
Ian Ralby, “Accountability for Armed Contractors,” Fletcher Security Review, 12 Jan. 2015.
Ian Ralby, “The Criminal Side of Ebola,” Huffington Post, 5 Nov. 2014.
Ian Ralby, “Comprehensively Limited: NATO’s Disconnected Approach to Security,” War on the Rocks, 30 Oct. 2014.
Ian Ralby, “Maritime Security and the ICoC,” Journal of International Peace Operations, Vol. 7 No. 3, Nov.-Dec. 2011.
Ian Ralby, “Joint Criminal Enterprise Liability in the Iraqi High Tribunal,” Boston University International Law Journal, Vol. 28 No. 281, (2010).
Ian Ralby, “Prosecuting Cultural Property Crimes in Iraq,” Georgetown Journal of International Law, Vol. 37, No. 1, 165 (2005).
Ian Ralby, “What Went Wrong When Regulating Private Maritime Security Companies,” in Operational Law in International Straits and Current Maritime Security Challenges, Chapter 8, Springer-Verlag: 2018.
Ian Ralby, “Approaches to Piracy, Armed Robbery at Sea, and Other Maritime Crime in West and Central Africa,” in Militarised Responses to Transnational Organised Crime: The War on Crime, Chapter 8, Palgrave Macmillam: 2017.
Ian Ralby, “The Montreux Document: The Legal Significance of a Non-Legal Instrument,” in Civilians at War: Controlling Private Military and Security Contractors, Chapter 10, Rowman & Littlefield: 2016.
Ian Ralby, “Private Military Companies and the Ius ad Bellum,” in The Oxford Handbook of The Use of Force in International Law, Chapter 53, Oxford University Press: 2015.
Ian Ralby, Lead Drafter, “A Practical Framework for Maritime Strategy Development,” UNODC Global Maritime Crime Programme: 2022.
Ian Ralby, Lead Drafter, “The Application of Cybersecurity Frameworks at the Sectoral Level – Using the Maritime Sector as an Example,” in “A reflection on National cybersecurity strategies in the Americas – Perspectives and lessons learned,” Organization for American States: 2022.
Ian Ralby, Lead Drafter, “National Submarine Communication Cable Protection and Resilience Framework,” UNODC Global Maritime Crime Programme: 2020.
Ian Ralby, Lead Drafter, “Floating Armories,” in Maritime Crime: A Manual for Criminal Justice Practitioners, 3rd ed., Annex, UNODC Global Maritime Crime Programme: 2020.
Ian Ralby, Lead Drafter, “Illicit Oil and Fuel Activities in the Maritime Domain,” in Maritime Crime: A Manual for Criminal Justice Practitioners, Chapter 14, UNODC Global Maritime Crime Programme: 2019.
Ian Ralby, BSI Committee, Management System for Private Security Operations – Requirements with Guidance for Use (ISO 18788:2015), International Organization for Standardization: Sept. 2015.
Ian Ralby, Technical Committee and Co-Chair of Working Group, Quality Assurance and Security Management for Private Security Companies Operating at Sea – Guidance (ANSI-ASIS PSC.4), ASIS International: 2013.
Ian Ralby, Technical Committee and Co-Chair of Working Group, Maturity Model for Phased Implementation of Quality Assurance Management System for Private Security Service Providers (ANSI-ASIS PSC.3), ASIS International: 2013.
Ian Ralby, Technical Committee and Working Group, Conformity Assessment and Auditing Management Systems (ANSI-ASIS PSC.2), ASIS International: 2012.
Ian Ralby, Technical Committee and Working Group, Management System for Quality of Private Security Company Operations – Requirements with Guidance (ANSI-ASIS PSC.1), ASIS International: 2012.
Ian Ralby, Core Drafting Team, International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers, International Code of Conduct Association: 9 Nov. 2010.

Participation in Drafting of International Instruments

Ian Ralby, Lead Drafter, “A Practical Framework for Maritime Strategy Development,” UNODC Global Maritime Crime Programme: 2022.
Ian Ralby, Lead Drafter, “The Application of Cybersecurity Frameworks at the Sectoral Level – Using the Maritime Sector as an Example,” in “A reflection on National cybersecurity strategies in the Americas – Perspectives and lessons learned,” Organization for American States: 2022.
Ian Ralby, Lead Drafter, “National Submarine Communication Cable Protection and Resilience Framework,” UNODC Global Maritime Crime Programme: 2020.
Ian Ralby, Lead Drafter, “Floating Armories,” in Maritime Crime: A Manual for Criminal Justice Practitioners, 3rd ed., Annex, UNODC Global Maritime Crime Programme: 2020.
Ian Ralby, Lead Drafter, “Illicit Oil and Fuel Activities in the Maritime Domain,” in Maritime Crime: A Manual for Criminal Justice Practitioners, Chapter 14, UNODC Global Maritime Crime Programme: 2019.
Ian Ralby, BSI Committee, Management System for Private Security Operations – Requirements with Guidance for Use (ISO 18788:2015), International Organization for Standardization: Sept. 2015.
Ian Ralby, Technical Committee and Co-Chair of Working Group, Quality Assurance and Security Management for Private Security Companies Operating at Sea – Guidance (ANSI-ASIS PSC.4), ASIS International: 2013.
Ian Ralby, Technical Committee and Co-Chair of Working Group, Maturity Model for Phased Implementation of Quality Assurance Management System for Private Security Service Providers (ANSI-ASIS PSC.3), ASIS International: 2013.
Ian Ralby, Technical Committee and Working Group, Conformity Assessment and Auditing Management Systems (ANSI-ASIS PSC.2), ASIS International: 2012.
Ian Ralby, Technical Committee and Working Group, Management System for Quality of Private Security Company Operations – Requirements with Guidance (ANSI-ASIS PSC.1), ASIS International: 2012.
Ian Ralby, Core Drafting Team, International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers, International Code of Conduct Association: 9 Nov. 2010.

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